One of the factors that cause
environmental damage to this day still remains a great deal of work for the
Indonesian nation is a factor of waste disposal of plastic waste. Plastic bag
litter has become a dangerous and difficult to manage.
It takes tens or even hundreds of
years to make the former garbage bag was completely decomposed. However, the
problem is the negative impact of plastic waste turns by its function as well.
So if you know of any danger
caused by plastic bags to the environment?
It took 1000 years to decompose
plastic can be decomposed by soil or decomposed perfectly. It is a very long
time. When decomposed, the plastic particles will contaminate soil and
groundwater.
If burned, the
plastic waste will produce toxic fumes that are harmful to health if the
process is not perfect pembakaranya, the plastic will break down in the air as
dioxin.
These compounds
are very dangerous if inhaled human. The impact, among others, lead to cancer,
hepatitis, inflammation of the liver, nervous system disorders and trigger
depression.
Plastic bags
also cause flooding, due to clogging of water channels, embankments. So that
even the most severe flooding damaging the turbine reservoirs.
An estimated,
500 million to one billion plastic bags are used in the world each year. If the
waste is spread then, can membukus earth's surface at least up to 10 times! Try
to imagine so its fantastic plastic waste that is already too piled on our
earth. And do you know? Each year, approximately 500 billion - 1 trillion
plastic bags are used worldwide.
It is estimated
that each person spends 170 plastic bags each year (try to multiply the number
of inhabitants of your town!) More than 17 billion plastic bags distributed
free by supermarkets around the world each year. Plastic bags are starting to
bloom use since the entry of supermarkets in major cities.
Plastic trash
can cause climate change?
Since the
process of production to the point of disposal, waste plastics emit greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. Plastic production requires about 12 million barrels
of oil and 14 million trees each year. The production process is not very
energy efficient. At this stage of landfill disposal (landfill) waste plastics
emit greenhouse gases.
So, what is the
solution to overcome waste plastic bags?
Various efforts
to suppress the use of plastic bags pundilakukan by several countries. One of
them with a campaign effort to prevent global warming. Garbage plastic bags
have become a serious enemy for environmental sustainability. If the former
garbage bag was left on the ground, he will be a significant pollutant. When
burned, the waste will significantly increase the levels of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere.
What should we
do?
Reduce the use
of plastic bags now and use cloth bags every time you shop. If you only buy a
little, put the groceries into the bag. Remind your friend's house or always
carry cloth bags when shopping. Contact supermarkets, malls and bookstores
subscriptions you to stop providing plastic bags.
However, as
revealed members of the Board of Experts of the Board Observer of Forestry and
Environmental Orchestra (DPLKTS) Sobirin, waste processing is the best
solution. If the household or the smallest communities in the environment have
not been able to process, recycle, then the sorting becomes the best small
steps.
Despite the
efforts and these efforts, according to my personal opinion it will be passed
away back to individuals, respectively. And consciousness left alone determine
whether or not the steps that have been recommended.
When the
various countries began to prohibit and to respond to the dangers of using
plastic bags, such as in Kenya and Uganda even been officially banned the use
of plastic bags. A number of countries began to reduce the use of plastic bags
including the Philippines, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ireland, Scotland,
France, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Tanzania, Bangladesh,
and South Africa. Singapore, from April 2007 ongoing campaign 'Bring Your Own
Bag' (bring your own bag directly), organized by the National Environment
Agency (NEA). And the Chinese government has also issued draft legislation
(Bill) tackle plastic bag. And reactions that have been prepared include
banning the use of plastic bags in the Department Store.Para buyers will be
charged a fee for plastic bags and will be enforced standardization of the
production of plastic bags.
Meanwhile, what
about Indonesia itself? The Government has not actually make policy. Aware of
the current condition of Indonesia then be inspired from a variety of
information about the ban on the use of plastic bags from various countries.
Environmental Engineering Students (HMTL) ITB since last month began running a
campaign to 'hostile' plastic bags, as is done by the State of Singapore.
HMTL seeks to
build a community that is really aware of the dangers of excessive use of
plastic. The "Plastic Phobia" which is the final series of "Anti
Plastic Bag Campaign" Campaign to Ban Plastic Bags or was marred by
"art happenings" and action art installation of Graphic Design
students of ITB.
"The
spirit of the cultural change necessary to use plastic bags from each
individual. This is very positive effort to stop the environmental disaster
caused by plastic bags in the future "said ITB Rector Prof. Dr. Joko
Santoso on the sidelines of the campaign. According to Joko, more young people
are appropriately caring and friendly to the environment, because the young
people will determine the future of saving the environment.
Impact Trash
Air Pollution
Heaps of garbage
can cause a variety of problems, either directly or indirectly, for city
dwellers, especially the area around the landing. The direct impact of the
short-sighted waste management include a variety of infectious diseases and
skin diseases, respiratory disorders and can affect people's health and
interfere with the aesthetics of the environment, due to contamination of the
view by piles of garbage and foul odors nose, while the indirect impact of
which is the danger of flooding caused by inhibition of water flow in the river
because it was blocked landfill waste dumped into the river.
A study
concluded, litter has become one of the contributors to greenhouse gases.
Therefore, the disposal of waste at landfills (TPA) should be considered.
Buried organic waste decomposes anaerobically. The process produces methane gas
(CH4). Waste that is burned will also produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Gas
CH4mempunyai destructive power 20 times that of CO2.
Methane (CH4)
is formed due to anaerobic fermentation by methane bacteria also called biogas
anaerobic bacteria and bacteria that reduce waste that contains organic matter
to form methane (CH4), which when burned can produce heat energy. Actually, in
some places this process occurs naturally as a gas explosion incident that
formed under a pile of garbage at the landfill (landfill) Leuwigajah, Bandung
regency, West Java. Landslide that occurred at the landfill is due to the
accumulation of heat in the pile of garbage that eventually cause an explosion
were very great. Because of this explosion the trash pile up dozens of
landslides and surrounding homes. (Rahmadani, 2010).
Do not Burn
Garbage!
Burning waste
is an activity that has the role of air pollution. Process although small scale
incinerator was instrumental in increasing the number of contaminants in the
air, especially dust and hydrocarbons. These contaminants, not only harmful to
the environment but also directly harmful to humans. Pollutants emitted from
incinerators can cause health problems and lead to cancer (carcinogenic).
In the Republic
of Indonesia Law No. 4 of 1982 on the Basic Provisions of Environmental
Management, Chapter III, Section 7, Clause 1 says: Anyone who runs a business
field required to preserve the ability of the environment to support the
harmonious and balanced development continuous. What is meant by 'business
"is not necessarily the person who runs the business industry, because a
household is included into the category of a household business.
To tackle
plastic waste, some parties try to burn it. However, the combustion process is
less than perfect and not parse plastic particles then it would be perfectly
dioxin in the air. When humans inhale dioxin, it will be susceptible to various
diseases including cancer, nervous system disorders, hepatitis, liver swelling,
and symptoms of depression.
As an
illustration of burning 1 ton of waste will produce 30 kg of carbon monoxide
(CO), a gas that if inhaled will bond very strongly with blood hemoglobin that
can cause the body to be a shortage of people who breathe in oxygen (O2) and
the cause of death. The burning of organic waste will also produce methane.
Burning pieces of wood will produce formaldehyde compounds that cause cancer.
Organic waste is still a bit wet as leaves, twigs, stems, left over vegetables
or fruit if burnt will not all burn and will produce solid particles that can
fly. One ton of organic waste will produce 9 kg of solid particles that contain
harmful hydrocarbons. (Plazainformasi, 2012).
So remember, do
not burn plastic waste because if the garbage was burned toxins in the trash
will make pollution in the air including the air we breathe that can make us
sick. Do not bury waste plastic as toxins in the waste will seep or seep into
the soil and make the water present in the soil will be contaminated as well as
the surrounding environment. Do not dispose of plastic waste, because there are
toxins in the trash can pollute the environment around us, living beings and
our environment will be damaged and will continue to grow poison everywhere. In
addition to it we can innovate to reduce trash.
The impact of
plastics on the environment is negative due to be borne nature due to the
presence of plastic waste. This impact was very significant. Yesterday
sayatelah upload post tentangBahaya Plastic Packaging and crackle Post this
further highlights the dangers of plastic waste on the environment.
As is known,
the plastic came into use about 50 years ago, has now become an inseparable
item in people's lives. It is estimated that there are 500 million to 1 billion
plastic bags are used the world's population in one year. This means that there
are about 1 million plastic bags per minute. To make it, it takes 12 million
barrels of oil per year, and 14 million trees are cut.
Excessive
consumption of the plastic, also resulted in a large amount of plastic waste.
Since it is not derived from biological compounds, degradable plastics have a
difficult nature (non-biodegradable). Plastic estimated to take 100 to 500
years to be decomposed (decomposed) perfectly. Plastic trash bags can
contaminate soil, water, sea, and even air.
Plastic bags
are made from oil refining and gas called ethylene. Oil, gas and coal is a raw
natural resource that can not be updated. More and more use of plastics means
that the faster the depleting natural resources.
Facts about the
raw material for plastics, (usually polyvinyl polymer) made daripolychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) which has a structure similar to DDT. As well as the plastic bag
that is difficult to disentangle the ground up takes between 100 to 500 years.
Will give a result of, among others:
The pollution
of soil, groundwater and underground creatures.
The toxins
from the plastic particles into the soil to kill the animals decomposers in the
soil such as worms.
PCB that can
not be decomposed even if ingested by animals or plants will be in the order
chain poison the food chain.
Plastic bags
will disrupt waterways teresap into the ground.
Reduce soil
fertility due to plastic also prevents air circulation in the soil and the
movement of underground creatures capable of meyuburkan ground.
Plastic bags
are difficult to disentangle, have a long life, and light weight to be easily
blown out to sea though.
The animals
can be caught in a pile of plastic.
marine
animals such as dolphins, sea turtles, and seals assume the plastic bags of
food and eventually die because they can not digest it.
When an
animal dies, plastic bags inside his body still will not be destroyed and the
carcass can poison other animals.
indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste in the rivers will lead to silting of
rivers and streams that flow blockage caused flooding.
In addition to
understanding, I lay out some facts related to plastic waste and the
environment:
Plastic bags
have been found in the rest of the esophagus child albatross on Midway Island,
Pacific Ocean
Approximately
80% of the waste in the ocean comes from the land, and nearly 90% is plastic.
In June 2006
the UN environment program estimates within each 46,000 square miles there are
plastic trash floating in the ocean.
Each year,
the plastic has been 'killed' up to 1 million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals
and fish are countless.
many turtles
in the archipelago of a thousand who died from eating plastic is mistaken for a
jellyfish, his favorite food.
To overcome some
of the plastic waste trying to burn it. However, the combustion process is less
than perfect and not parse plastic particles perfectly it will be dioxin in the
air. When a human is a human menghirupdioksin be susceptible to various
diseases among them cancer, nervous system disorders, hepatitis, liver
swelling, and symptoms of depression.
Continue how,
dong ?. We are not likely to eliminate the use of plastic bags 100%, but the
most likely is to reuse plastic (reuse), reducing the use of plastic (reduce),
and recycle (recycle). Lastly, it may be necessary to curb government
regulation of the increasing use of plastic.
That is the
theme memanfaatkanya into briquettes as our friends in SMK Negeri 3 Chemical
Madiun to transform plastic waste so fuel oil. Starting from anxiety Tri
Handoko, a chemistry teacher at the vocational high school and saw the heaps of
plastic waste is currently returning from teaching activities. He choked, in
her mind, waste plastics are made from petroleum is going to be a problem when
it can not be recycled. Since then, Tri began to perform various experiments to
process plastic waste which has been the toxic wastes and pollutants into the
environment. Trial-by-trial path. Together with her students
at SMK 3 Madiun, Tri was tired conduct trials to convert plastic back to the
origin of the oil. Towards the end of 2010, Tri trials coming to fruition.
Armed with simple tools that take advantage of the former gas tube packaging 3
kilograms (kg), which transformed into a burning plastic waste. Well at the end
of the tube was fitted with a simple distillation or distillation. When the
plastic waste is heated to melt and produce steam. Steam that is the fuel after
previously distilled to become liquid. Tool can be constructed from waste materials,
customized capabilities and capacities makers waste that will be processed.
Tools used may cost Rp 650,000 to Rp 100 million, depending on needs. Chemical
Process Chief SMKN 3 Madiun, Sulaksono Tavip Rijanto explain the processing of
waste plastics into fuel through several stages. First through burning up to
600 degrees Celsius, then distilled (firolisis) and penjernihan.Uap hydrocarbon
that is the result of burning oil that can be used for fuel, "he said.
Burning tools made of LPG gas
cylinder which has the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) size 3 kilograms. LPG
cylinder hollowed out and fitted with a metal funnel dilas.Corong way is to
insert a plastic material that is burned in a tube. After that, the combustion
tube is connected to a pipe that is connected to the tube distillation receiver
of hydrocarbon vapor or melt so the oil. All types of plastic can be processed
in this way. Plastic tube inserted into heated with LPG so that the vapor
decomposes and settles into oil. One kilogram of plastic can produce about one
liter of oil. To be efficient and economic value, for subsequent use plastic
burning plastic oil distillates. Combustion process and refining oil from waste
plastic is environmentally friendly. In combustion, there is absolutely no
smoke coming out because after distilled, the vapor is collected in a tube that
is closed so the smoke is not harmful, "said Tavip. Problem chemical
elements in these plastic wastes fuel, said Tavip, it has not been studied further.
So far, research has not reached the existing elements such as lead or Pb
(Plumbum) contained in this alternative fuel. "The possibility is there
because of the oil as well," he said. From an additional experiment is
obtained that when the plastic used as raw materials derived from mineral
former beverage bottles, the oil revenues which more clearly better than oil
from the former plastic bag. From these results it can be concluded that the
clear and clean forms of waste, the better the resulting oil. Test Results
Results of laboratory tests showed SMK 3 Madiun, solar plastic waste turn lawn
mower. Premium plastic waste has been tested on a laboratory gas chromatography
PT Sucofindo. Octane fuel from plastic waste is still around 84-85.Sedikit
under premium octane rating stands at 87-88 and a bit away from the average
pertamax 91-92. Indeed, the quality is still below the premium and pertamax,
but we can only perfected terus.Dulu to clean stains and developing rubber to
operate mowers. Now try on the car which is also being tested, "said
Tavip. When tested at a neighboring school, applied plastic waste fuel at a
Toyota engine output in the 1980s are often used practice of students SMK SMK
Negeri 1 Head 1 Madiun Devantoro Sigit said fuel from plastic waste can be used
in the mini truck assemblies Esemka students. "But the rpm (rotation
perminute) or round the engine up and down, can not be stable. So the practice
is still loaded in the machine, "he said. Bank of plastic garbage bins
Because of high demand, students are increasingly difficult to obtain plastic
waste. Because of that, now SMKN 3 is working with the scavengers to be willing
to sell waste plastic into school. To accommodate the supply of plastic waste,
the plan will be made of plastic waste in the school bank. Our schools focus on
measures to safeguard the environment by managing waste. Already a tradition
here, "said Tavip. To invite people to manage plastic waste, schools that
have Program Analyst Expertise Chemistry, Chemical Industry, and Food Quality
Supervision processing tool that makes 15 new models. Earlier, the students had
to make five models continue to be modified and refined. The 15 instruments
that have been distributed to the Governor of East Java East Java SMK another.
Let our comrades Indonesian form healthy by reducing the use of plastics as
well as utilizing the waste.
